Connectome (65 page)

Science metaphor for neuronal activity,
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–
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Scientific discovery

and efficient science hypothesis,
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and new technology,
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(
see also
Technological innovation)

Scientific method, hypotheses in,
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and tools of measurement,
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Scottsdale, Arizona, Alcor Foundation in,
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Secretions

and brain,
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–
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proteins in,
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,
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technology for measuring of,
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Seeing.
See
Vision

Selection bias,
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Self

changing vs. stable notion of,
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as connectome,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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as connectome plus models of neuron types,
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as connectome plus models of neuron types plus genome,
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as information,
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–
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neuroscience on,
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Self-help books,
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Self-help programs,
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Seligman, Martin,
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Sensory homunculus,
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,
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,
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Sequential rule of Hebbian synaptic plasticity,
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Serenity Prayer,
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Serial electron microscopy,
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Denk's improvement in,
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Serial light microscopy,
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Serotonin,
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Shelley, Percy Bysshe,
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Sherrington, Charles,
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Shua Dulah,
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–
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Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV),
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“Single-unit” recording,
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Singularity Is Near, The
(Kurzweil),
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Smith, Sir Grafton,
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Social policy, and studies of intelligence,
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Soul,
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,
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,
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Leibniz on,
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Southgate, Eileen,
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Sparse connectivity,
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Sperm,
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frozen (cryopreserved),
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,
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Leeuwenhoek's observation of,
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Spikes and spiking,
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in axons,
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in dendrites,
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measuring of,
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,
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and myelination,
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as output of neural decision,
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patterns of,
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persistent,
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–
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proteins in,
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,
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reading of thoughts and perceptions from,
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single measurement of,
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Spines of dendrite,
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Split error,
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Sporns, Olaf,
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Spurzheim, Johann,
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,
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,
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Stability-plasticity dilemma,
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Staining

“dense” method of,
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exhibiting spikes,
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Golgi method of,
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marking new neurons,
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Stanford Research Institute,
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Statistical fallacies

inferring individual measurements from averages,
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,
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and rare categories,
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selection bias,
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Stem cells,
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in treatment,
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,
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Stereo blindness,
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,
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Stimulation of brain, in cortical areas,
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Stock market, as efficient,
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–
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Strabismus, recalibration after surgery for,
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–
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“Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence” (SENS),
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Stratton, George,
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–
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Stray capacitance,
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Streambed metaphor

for connectome,
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–
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for recollection,
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Stroke

and brain,
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denial of by victim,
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and creation of neuroblasts,
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oxygen deprivation in,
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treatment of

neuroprotective drugs for,
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recovery window for,
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and reweighting,
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–
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“Structure of the Nervous System of the Nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans
” (Brenner et al.),
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Stryker, Michael,
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–
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,
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Substantia nigra pars compacta (part of basal ganglia),
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Subventricular zone,
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Suicide, Camus on,
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–
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Superior colliculus (SC),
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Superior temporal gyrus,
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Sur, Mriganka,
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Surgery

history of,
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–
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,
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Paré as father of,
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–
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Sword and the Stone, The
(White),
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Sylvian fissure,
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,
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Synapse(s),
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,
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in cerebellum,
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chemical,
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,
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coining of term,
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creation of,
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in adults,
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on-demand theory of,
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,
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and extension of axons,
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in infant brain,
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labeling of,
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in memory (Greenough),
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,
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and neural Darwinism,
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–
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,
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,
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(
see also
Neural Darwinism)

at random,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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and sparse connectivity,
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in dead brains,
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density of,
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as directional,
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electrical,
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,
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elimination of,
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–
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,
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labeling of,
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excitatory and inhibitory,
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–
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,
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first images of,
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and ion channels,
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number of,
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reconnection of,
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–
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(
see also
Reconnection)

reweighting of,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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(
see also
Reweighting of synapse)

strength of,
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changes in,
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and size,
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,
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and stability,
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weakness of,
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Synaptic chains,
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,
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,
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in birds' songs,
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creation of,
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elimination of redundant connection in,
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,
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in memory,
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and sequential memories,
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scrambled/unscrambled diagram of,
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,
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Synaptic inhibition,
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and muscles,
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Synaptic plasticity,
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,
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.
See also
Plasticity

Syphilis,
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Tabula rasa,
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Tan (patient),
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,
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Technological innovation,
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knowledge and change through,
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modern miracles from,
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–
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in neuroscience,
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ATUM,
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computer industry critical in,
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computer for neuron reconstruction,
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–
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,
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electron microscope,
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–
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(
see also
Electron microscope)

and irreversibility of death,
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microscopy,
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,
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(see also Microscopy)

microtomes and ultramicrotomes,
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SBFSEM,
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in search for causes of mental disorders,
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serial electron microscopy,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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stains,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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(
see also
Staining)

scientific discovery through,
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–
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single person's inability to cope with data from,
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and transhumanism,
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Telephone analogy to neurotransmitter,
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–
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Temporal lobe,
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–
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,
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,
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learning to juggle as thickening,
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